A solar-powered battery bank for a refrigerator needs enough capacity for the runtime you want and enough output to handle the fridge’s startup surge. My best overall pick is the BLUETTI FridgePower, whose 2016Wh capacity gives it the strongest stated reserve in this lineup; the Jackery Solar Generator 1000 v2 is a more portable higher-capacity alternative, while the BougeRV 266Wh is tailored to 12V fridge use. The main tradeoff is between longer backup time and a lighter, more portable setup, with solar panels and appliance compatibility adding further variables. Read on for how each option fits a different refrigerator backup need and what to check before choosing.
Turn your wind-down time into listening time
- Thousands of audiobooks, podcasts and originals
- Listen on your phone, tablet or Echo — also offline
- Cancel anytime
Complete the kit
Key Takeaways
- BLUETTI FridgePower has the largest stated capacity at 2016Wh, making it the clearest candidate here for buyers prioritizing a larger energy reserve over a compact pack.
- Jackery Solar Generator 1000 v2 pairs 1070Wh with a 200W panel, so it offers a more portable, solar-ready middle ground than the much larger FridgePower.
- BougeRV’s 266Wh unit is aimed at 12V refrigerators; that specific fit may matter more than AC outlets for buyers running a compatible portable fridge.
- Small-capacity models cluster around 250–300Wh, including Jackery Explorer 300, ICECO PB250, and the two 280–300W-class listings; they suit shorter backup needs better than extended outage plans.
- Solar readiness varies sharply: some products include panels, while the 280Wh model is listed without one, so panel compatibility and added equipment can change the practical value of a setup.
| solar powered battery bank for refrigerator | Capacity | Dimensions | Voltage |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jackery Explorer 300 Portable | 292Wh | 9.1 x 5.2 x 7.8 inches | — |
| BROWEY 1600W Portable Power St | 1024Wh | — | — |
| Portable Solar Generator 300W | — | — | — |
| Jackery Solar Generator 1000 v | 1070Wh | 12.87 x 8.82 x 9.72 inches | 120V |
| BougeRV 266Wh Portable Power S | 266Wh | 7.2 x 2.9 x 3.3 inches | — |
| ICECO PB250 Portable Power Sta | — | 8.3 x 6 x 1.7 in | 14.4V |
| BLUETTI FridgePower Portable P | 2016Wh | 13.78 x 2.95 x 22.83 in | 120V |
| Portable Power Station 300W | — | — | 110V |
More Details on Our Top Picks
Jackery Explorer 300 Portable Power Station, 292Wh
For a small 12V refrigerator or brief backup, the Explorer 300 is easier to carry than the much larger BROWEY 1600W and Jackery Solar Generator 1000 v2. Its 292Wh capacity and 300W output suit modest loads, but they leave little room for a full-size refrigerator or an extended outage; check your fridge’s startup surge and running draw before choosing it. The 7.5-pound body and mix of AC, USB, and car outputs make it useful when you also need to charge phones or run small accessories. Its stated LiFePO4 chemistry and 4,000-plus charge cycles favor long-term use, but this package has no solar panel, so solar recharging requires a separate purchase. I’d choose it for portability, not refrigerator runtime.
Pros:- Light 7.5-pound design is easier to transport than the higher-capacity stations in this group.
- 292Wh capacity and a car port suit small 12V loads and accessory charging.
- LiFePO4 battery is specified for more than 4,000 charge cycles.
- AC, USB-C, USB-A, and car outputs support several device types.
Cons:- 300W maximum output may not handle a refrigerator’s startup surge; check the appliance requirements.
- No solar panel is included, adding a separate component for solar charging.
- Capacity is limited for long refrigerator runtimes or extended outages.
Best for: Campers and car owners powering a low-draw 12V refrigerator for short trips who prioritize a light, easy-to-carry battery.
Not ideal for: Households seeking overnight backup for a full-size refrigerator, or buyers who need a solar panel included and substantial capacity.
- Capacity:292Wh
- Maximum power:300W
- Weight:7.5 lbs
- Battery chemistry:LiFePO4
- AC outlets:2
- Other outlets:1 USB-C PD, 2 USB-A, 1 car port
- Charge time:4 hours
- Dimensions:9.1 x 5.2 x 7.8 inches
Our verdict“Choose the Explorer 300 for short, portable backup of a modest 12V fridge, but not for sustained household refrigeration.”
BROWEY 1600W Portable Power Station with Built-in Solar Panel
The BROWEY is the most self-contained solar choice here: its built-in panels and MPPT charging avoid packing a separate panel, unlike the Jackery Solar Generator 1000 v2, which comes with a 200W panel. Its 1024Wh capacity and 1600W output offer far more headroom than the Explorer 300 for appliance use, though refrigerator runtime still depends on the fridge’s actual consumption and cycling. The 3200W peak rating may help with a startup surge, but buyers should verify the appliance’s surge demand rather than assume compatibility. Eight ports, including 100W USB-C PD, make it versatile beyond refrigeration. The tradeoff is portability: this unit is described as heavy and bulky, and built-in solar charging depends on sunlight and panel exposure. I’d favor it for an off-grid setup over a grab-and-go kit.
Pros:- 1024Wh capacity provides substantially more stored energy than the compact Explorer 300.
- 1600W output and 3200W peak rating suit a wider range of appliance loads, subject to surge requirements.
- Built-in solar panels with MPPT reduce the need to carry a separate panel.
- LiFePO4 battery and eight ports support varied off-grid use.
Cons:- Heavy, bulky construction is less convenient for frequent transport.
- Solar charging depends on sunlight and usable panel exposure.
- Refrigerator runtime is not specified and will vary with appliance draw and conditions.
Best for: Off-grid campers or emergency-prepared households seeking a higher-capacity station with solar hardware built into the unit.
Not ideal for: Buyers who need a lightweight station, dependable charging in shaded conditions, or a clearly specified refrigerator runtime.
- Capacity:1024Wh
- Power output:1600W
- Peak power:3200W
- Battery type:LiFePO4
- Ports:8, including AC, DC, and 100W USB-C PD
- Charging time:3 hours to 80%
- Solar charging:Built-in solar panels with MPPT
Our verdict“Pick the BROWEY if built-in solar and higher appliance capacity matter more than compact size.”
Portable Solar Generator 300W with 60W Solar Panel
This kit makes solar charging accessible by pairing a 300W power station with a 60W foldable panel, while the Jackery Explorer 300 requires a separate panel purchase. That convenience is useful for small electronics and light camping loads, but it does not make this a strong refrigerator backup: the supplied information gives a 300W output limit without stating battery capacity, so expected fridge runtime cannot be judged from the listing. Confirm both the refrigerator’s startup demand and the station’s usable energy before relying on it. The multiple USB and DC outputs cover phones and accessories, and the battery management system adds a layer of protection. A key limitation for outdoor use is the non-waterproof junction box, which calls for dry placement. I’d choose this over a bare power station for small solar-charged devices, not for extended refrigeration.
Pros:- Includes a 60W foldable monocrystalline solar panel and charging accessories.
- 300W output and varied USB, AC, and DC connections cover small devices.
- Built-in battery management system provides safety protections.
- SOS flashlight adds utility for outdoor emergencies.
Cons:- Battery capacity is not provided, so refrigerator runtime cannot be estimated from the supplied data.
- 300W output may not support a refrigerator startup surge or larger appliance.
- Solar panel junction box is not waterproof and needs dry conditions.
Best for: Campers who want a bundled panel for phones, tablets, and other low-draw devices, with only occasional light refrigerator use after checking compatibility.
Not ideal for: Anyone relying on a refrigerator during a long outage, or users who need weather-resistant solar connections and clearly stated battery capacity.
- Power output:300W
- Included solar panel:60W foldable monocrystalline
- AC outlets:2, up to 300W max
- USB ports:3 x 5V/3A and 1 quick-charge port rated 5V/3A, 9V/2A
- DC port:9V–12.6V, 10A max
- Battery management system:Yes
- Solar conversion efficiency:20.5%
- Included accessories:AC adapter, cigarette lighter adapter, 12V car charging cable, solar panel, user manual
Our verdict“Choose this bundled kit for small electronics and light loads, not as dependable refrigerator backup without confirming capacity and surge compatibility.”
Jackery Solar Generator 1000 v2 with 200W Solar Panel, 1070Wh, 1500W AC
With 1070Wh of capacity, 1500W AC output, and an included 200W solar panel, this Jackery offers a more complete refrigerator-backup setup than the Explorer 300, while staying more portable than the BROWEY 1600W. That balance suits buyers who want meaningful stored energy for an outage or road trip without stepping up to a larger, heavier system. The panel provides a route to replenish the station in sunlight, though actual charging depends on conditions and refrigerator use. Do not read the listed two-hour runtime as a guaranteed fridge runtime: it is not tied to a specified refrigerator load, and an appliance’s cycling and startup surge affect results. The 23.8-pound unit is portable for its class, but it is still a substantial carry, and the fastest stated recharge requires emergency charging mode. I’d shortlist it for flexible, mid-capacity backup.
Pros:- 1070Wh capacity gives more stored energy than the Explorer 300 and the 300W bundled kit.
- 1500W output and 3000W starting wattage provide more appliance headroom than compact stations.
- Includes a 200W solar panel for solar recharging without sourcing one separately.
- 23.8-pound weight is portable relative to larger backup systems.
Cons:- At 23.8 pounds, it is heavier than compact options such as the Explorer 300.
- The stated two-hour runtime is not a refrigerator-specific estimate.
- One-hour fast charging requires enabling emergency charging mode.
Best for: Road-trippers and households seeking a portable, solar-equipped station for a compatible refrigerator and other backup loads.
Not ideal for: Buyers who need a lightweight one-hand carry, a guaranteed refrigerator runtime, or high-capacity multi-day backup.
- Capacity:1070Wh
- AC output:1500W
- Starting wattage:3000W
- Included solar panel:200W
- Weight:23.8 lbs
- Voltage:120V
- Total power outlets:3
- Dimensions:12.87 x 8.82 x 9.72 inches
Our verdict“Choose the Jackery 1000 v2 for a ready-to-use solar kit with stronger refrigerator potential than compact stations, while checking your fridge’s draw first.”
BougeRV 266Wh Portable Power Station, Solar Generator for 12V Refrigerator
Unlike the Jackery Explorer 300, which is a general-purpose compact station, the BougeRV is specifically positioned for 12V car refrigerators and includes a cigarette-lighter DC output. Its stated runtime of up to 17 hours can help set expectations, but actual results depend on the refrigerator, temperature, and use; it is not a promise for every 12V model. At 266Wh and just 3.8 pounds, it is easy to pack for a short trip, though its capacity is far below the Jackery 1000 v2 and cannot replace a larger backup system for prolonged outages. The display helps track remaining battery status, while solar, AC, and DC recharging offer flexibility. The listing calls for specific cables and chargers for best USB-C charging, so check what your setup requires before depending on that port.
Pros:- Designed for 12V car refrigerator compatibility and provides a DC cigarette-lighter output.
- Light 3.8-pound design is easier to carry than the larger Jackery 1000 v2.
- Smart display shows battery status during use.
- Supports solar, AC, and DC recharging.
Cons:- 266Wh capacity limits backup duration compared with the Jackery 1000 v2 and BROWEY.
- The stated runtime of up to 17 hours will vary by refrigerator and operating conditions.
- Optimal USB-C charging requires specific cables and chargers.
Best for: Car campers using a compatible 12V portable refrigerator who want a very light battery and a display for monitoring charge.
Not ideal for: Households powering a full-size refrigerator through a long outage, or buyers needing high capacity and uncomplicated USB-C charging.
- Capacity:266Wh
- Weight:3.8 lbs
- Dimensions:7.2 x 2.9 x 3.3 inches
- Solar input:Up to 100W
- Solar recharging time:About 3 hours
- Output ports:USB-C, USB-A, DC cigarette lighter
- Stated refrigerator runtime:Up to 17 hours; varies by refrigerator and conditions
Our verdict“Pick the BougeRV for short trips with a compatible 12V fridge, but choose a higher-capacity station for extended backup.”
ICECO PB250 Portable Power Station, 250Wh Magnetic Power Bank for Outdoor and Home Use
The ICECO PB250 is the most portable option in this group, but its 250Wh capacity and 160W output make it a limited refrigerator backup rather than an all-day solution. It may suit a compatible low-draw 12V fridge, but buyers should check the fridge’s startup draw and connection requirements before relying on it. Compared with the BLUETTI FridgePower, it is far easier to carry, yet offers only a small fraction of its stored energy and output. Solar recharging is supported, but panels are not included, so a solar-ready setup needs an extra purchase. Its ports and battery-management features help with smaller devices during an outage; for a full-size refrigerator or extended backup, I would choose a higher-capacity station.
Pros:- Compact 3.7-pound body is easier to carry than the larger refrigerator-focused stations.
- Solar-compatible charging can support off-grid use when paired with a separately purchased panel.
- Multiple ports allow charging small electronics alongside limited appliance use.
- Battery management and durable construction are useful for travel and emergency storage.
Cons:- 250Wh capacity is modest for refrigerator duty and may require frequent recharging.
- 160W output limits appliance compatibility, including fridges with higher startup demands.
- Solar panel is not included, adding a separate setup requirement.
Best for: Campers or apartment dwellers who need a lightweight backup for a compatible low-draw portable fridge and small electronics.
Not ideal for: Households seeking overnight or multi-day backup for a full-size refrigerator, or buyers who need to power appliances drawing more than 160W.
- Battery capacity:250Wh
- Output wattage:160W
- Voltage:14.4V
- Number of ports:3
- Item weight:3.7 lb
- Dimensions:8.3 x 6 x 1.7 in
- Power source:Battery powered
- Warranty:12 months
Our verdict“Choose the PB250 for portability and brief use with a compatible small fridge, not as primary household refrigerator backup.”
BLUETTI FridgePower Portable Power Station, 2016Wh, 1800W LFP Battery Backup
Among these three, the BLUETTI FridgePower is the clearest match for refrigerator backup: 2016Wh capacity, 1800W output, and 3600W surge power give it much more headroom than the ICECO PB250 or the 280Wh portable station. Its 4W standby consumption and UPS modes are aimed at keeping household equipment supplied during an outage, while expansion up to 8064Wh can extend runtime. The slim 75mm profile is useful where floor space is scarce, though the unit still weighs 41.9 pounds and wall mounting takes setup. Its output ceiling also rules out appliances that exceed 1800W. I would rank it ahead of the compact units for a home fridge, but buyers should match its output and available capacity to their refrigerator rather than assume a fixed runtime.
Pros:- 2016Wh capacity provides substantially more stored energy than the ICECO PB250 and 280Wh station.
- 1800W output with 3600W surge power offers broader refrigerator compatibility than the compact picks.
- UPS modes support quick power switching during outages.
- Expandable capacity and slim profile suit a semi-permanent home backup setup.
Cons:- At 41.9 pounds, it is much less convenient to move than the smaller stations.
- Wall installation requires setup and mounting.
- The 1800W output limit excludes appliances with higher power demands.
Best for: Homeowners who want a refrigerator-focused backup with automatic outage support and the option to add capacity later.
Not ideal for: Campers or buyers who need a light, grab-and-go power bank, and households whose appliances exceed the 1800W output limit.
- Capacity:2016Wh
- Output wattage:1800W
- Surge power:3600W
- Voltage:120V
- Self-consumption:4W
- Item weight:41.9 lb
- Dimensions:13.78 x 2.95 x 22.83 in
- Expandable capacity:Up to 8064Wh
Our verdict“Pick the FridgePower for a home refrigerator backup system where capacity and outage switching matter more than portability.”
Portable Power Station 300W, 110V Solar Generator 280Wh (Without Solar Panel)
This 280Wh station offers a little more capacity and a higher stated output than the ICECO PB250, making it a flexible pick for small electronics and low-demand gear. That difference does not make it a strong full-size refrigerator backup: its 300W limit and modest battery capacity can constrain both startup compatibility and runtime. The seven outlets and AC, DC, and USB charging options give it broader device coverage than the PB250’s three-port specification, while its 5.1-pound weight remains manageable for camping. Solar charging is listed, but the panel is sold separately. Compared with the BLUETTI FridgePower, this is easier to pack and much less capable for household outage duty. I would treat the listed nine-hour runtime as product data, not a guarantee for a refrigerator, since actual draw determines usable time.
Pros:- 300W output exceeds the ICECO PB250’s stated 160W limit.
- Seven outlets and AC, DC, and USB options support a mix of small devices.
- At 5.1 pounds, it is practical to carry for camping or emergency storage.
- Built-in protection features and an LED flashlight add useful emergency functions.
Cons:- 280Wh capacity is limited for sustained refrigerator operation.
- A 300W output ceiling may not handle refrigerator startup surges.
- Solar panel is not included, so solar recharging requires additional equipment.
Best for: Campers and emergency-kit owners who want a lightweight station for phones, lights, and a compatible low-power portable fridge.
Not ideal for: Anyone relying on a full-size refrigerator during a prolonged outage or needing solar charging without buying a separate panel.
- Battery capacity:280Wh
- Output wattage:300W
- Voltage:110V
- Total power outlets:7
- Item weight:5.1 lb
- Runtime:Up to 9 hours, as listed
- Charging options:AC, DC, USB, and solar-compatible
- Solar panel:Not included
Our verdict“Choose this station for portable power and short runs with compatible low-draw gear, not dependable backup for a household refrigerator.”

How We Picked
I ranked these options around the job implied by the search: keeping a refrigerator powered, not simply charging phones outdoors. The main criteria were stated battery capacity, inverter output where supplied, whether a solar panel is included, and how clearly the product is matched to refrigerator use. A larger capacity can support a longer run, but only when the refrigerator’s actual consumption and startup demand fit the station’s limits.
FridgePower ranks first for its 2016Wh capacity; the Jackery 1000 v2 follows as a capable solar-included option with less stated storage. The smaller units rank lower for extended refrigerator backup, though the BougeRV and ICECO models can make sense for 12V-focused setups and shorter needs. Product details do not state runtime for a particular refrigerator, so I avoid treating capacity as a guaranteed number of operating hours; buyers should verify appliance draw, surge needs, and solar input compatibility before purchase.
Factors to Consider When Choosing Solar Powered Battery Bank For Refrigerator
Choosing a refrigerator backup starts with the appliance and the outage you need to cover, not the station’s headline wattage. These checks help separate a short bridge through a power interruption from a system intended to keep food cold through a longer outage.
Match Capacity to Your Refrigerator’s Energy Use
Battery capacity is a stored-energy figure, not a direct promise of refrigerator runtime. Check the appliance label or manual for energy use, then account for the fact that a compressor cycles on and off rather than drawing its full rated power constantly. Cold-room temperature, door openings, and how full the fridge is can change consumption, too. A small station in the 250–300Wh range may suit a short interruption or a low-draw 12V fridge, but it should not be assumed to cover an overnight outage. For a longer backup window, favor more capacity and leave a reserve rather than planning to drain the battery completely.
Check Running Watts and Compressor Startup
A refrigerator may need a brief surge when its compressor starts, and that demand can exceed its ordinary running draw. Compare both the station’s continuous AC output and its surge rating with the refrigerator’s specifications; a headline wattage alone may not tell the full story. If those surge details are missing, ask the manufacturer or choose a unit whose documented limits comfortably exceed the appliance requirement. A 12V refrigerator can avoid the station’s AC inverter when the connection is compatible, reducing conversion losses. Never assume that a unit advertised for refrigerators supports every household fridge without checking the connection and output limits.
Decide Whether You Need AC, 12V, or Both
Some portable refrigerators run from DC, while typical household models use AC, and that difference affects both compatibility and efficiency. A DC connection can be a good match for a dedicated 12V fridge, as reflected in the BougeRV model’s stated use, but it will not power an AC-only appliance by itself. AC output is more flexible around the home, though the inverter consumes some of the stored energy. Before buying, list every device you want to run during an outage and identify its plug type and voltage. Avoid choosing by outlet count alone: the relevant question is whether the right output can support the fridge’s load.
Plan Solar Recharging Around Sunlight and Panel Fit
An included panel makes it easier to start with a solar setup, but it does not guarantee a particular recharge time or daily energy yield. Sun angle, shade, cloud cover, season, and the panel’s placement all affect charging. Check the station’s accepted solar input range and connector requirements before pairing it with a separate panel; a panel with an incompatible voltage or plug may not work as expected. The Jackery 1000 v2 listing includes a 200W panel, while the 280Wh station is specified without one, so compare the complete setup rather than the battery alone. For outage preparation, treat solar as a way to replenish power when conditions allow, not as a guaranteed nonstop supply.
Choose Portability for the Outage You Actually Face
A battery that stays beside a kitchen refrigerator has different portability demands from one carried to a campsite with a portable fridge. Larger capacity generally means a bulkier unit, while compact stations are easier to move but offer less stored energy. Think through where the station will sit, how you will connect it, and whether it must move between home, a vehicle, and outdoor use. Check listed dimensions and weight before deciding, since capacity alone does not reveal how manageable a unit will be. Paying for a larger pack makes more sense when longer runtime is a real need, not simply because the number looks reassuring.
Account for Battery Reserve, Maintenance, and Expansion
Keep some capacity available for conversion losses and unexpected demand instead of sizing a station to match a perfect-case calculation. If the refrigerator is essential, test the setup with the actual appliance before an outage and note how quickly the battery level falls under ordinary use. Review the maker’s guidance for storage charge levels, operating temperature, and battery care, since long periods unused can affect readiness. Check whether the station supports additional batteries or other expansion if your backup needs may grow. A larger one-piece station can be simpler, while an expandable system may offer a route to more reserve but adds compatibility checks and equipment.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I estimate whether a battery bank can run my refrigerator overnight?
Start with the refrigerator’s daily energy use from its label or manual, then estimate the share needed for the number of hours you want to cover. If only running watts are listed, remember that compressor cycling makes real consumption different from running continuously at that rate. Leave extra battery capacity for inverter losses, startup demand, and changing room conditions. A 250–300Wh unit may be inadequate for a household refrigerator overnight even if its output rating appears high enough. A monitored test with your fridge gives a more useful estimate than a runtime claim based on a different appliance.
Can a 300W power station start a household refrigerator?
It depends on the refrigerator’s running draw and, especially, its compressor startup surge. The 300W label describes a power class, but it does not by itself confirm the unit’s continuous AC output or peak surge capability. Compare the fridge’s required startup watts with the station’s documented limits and check whether the station supports that load for the needed duration. If the product listing does not provide surge information, get confirmation before relying on it for a household fridge. A compatible 12V portable refrigerator may present a different, often more direct, connection requirement.
Is a solar panel included with every station in this roundup?
No. The Jackery Solar Generator 1000 v2 listing includes a 200W panel, and the 300W portable solar generator listing names a 60W panel; other listings do not all specify an included panel. The 280Wh station is explicitly described as being without one. Before choosing, check exactly what comes in the package and what solar input the power station accepts. If buying a separate panel, confirm its connector and voltage range rather than assuming any panel will pair with the battery. This matters most when you need the system ready for an outage without sourcing extra parts later.
Should I choose a 12V-focused unit or one with AC outlets for refrigerator backup?
Choose based on the refrigerator you plan to run. A 12V-focused model can suit a compatible portable fridge and may avoid the energy losses involved in converting battery power to AC. A household refrigerator generally needs AC, so a station must provide compatible AC output and enough capacity for both operating draw and startup surge. If you want to power other household devices as well, AC outlets add flexibility, but they do not replace checking the station’s limits. Identify the fridge’s voltage and plug type first, then compare units against those requirements.
Can I keep my refrigerator connected while solar panels recharge the station?
Some stations support powering devices while charging, but the product details provided here do not establish that capability for every model. Check the manufacturer’s specifications for pass-through operation and any limits on simultaneous input and output. Even when supported, solar generation can vary with clouds and shade, so the battery may still lose charge if the refrigerator uses more energy than the panel supplies. Do not assume a small included panel will keep a refrigerator running continuously. For food protection, keep a separate backup plan and test the full charging-and-load setup in advance.
Conclusion
For the best overall refrigerator backup, I’d choose the BLUETTI FridgePower when its larger 2016Wh capacity and 1800W output suit the appliance and the buyer can accommodate a bigger station. For a premium solar-included setup, the Jackery Solar Generator 1000 v2 offers 1070Wh with a 200W panel, making it a balanced alternative for buyers who value a ready-to-pair kit. For beginners, the Jackery Explorer 300 is a straightforward compact starting point for short outages or smaller loads, but not a stand-in for extended household-fridge backup. For value-minded 12V fridge owners, compare the BougeRV 266Wh with the ICECO PB250 and choose by the connection and capacity your fridge needs. If your priority is a small portable refrigerator setup, focus on those 12V-oriented options; if you need longer household backup, prioritize capacity, AC output, and verified startup support over portability.
Halloween Picks
halloween
As an affiliate, we earn on qualifying purchases.









